天气数据

meteostat提供了一个快捷获取历史天气数据的接口

根据坐标获取附近的气象站

from datetime import datetime
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from meteostat import Stations, Daily
chongqing = (29.56301, 106.55156)

stations = Stations()
nearby_stations = stations.nearby(*chongqing).fetch(20)
nearby_stations

	name	country	region	wmo	icao	latitude	longitude	elevation	timezone	hourly_start	hourly_end	daily_start	daily_end	monthly_start	monthly_end	distance
id
57516	Chongqing	CN	CQ	57516	ZUCK	29.5167	106.4833	351.0	Asia/Chongqing	1944-11-11	2024-06-21	1944-11-11	2024-06-16	1944-01-01	2022-01-01	8373.975722
57411	Nanchong	CN	SC	57411	<NA>	30.8000	106.0833	310.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1951-01-09	2024-06-16	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	144723.481282
56492	Yibin	CN	SC	56492	<NA>	28.8000	104.6000	342.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1944-04-01	2024-06-16	1944-01-01	2022-01-01	207586.288529
57713	Zunyi	CN	GZ	57713	<NA>	27.7000	106.8833	845.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1951-01-01	2012-12-31	1951-01-01	2012-01-01	209671.730894
57633	Youyang	CN	CQ	57633	<NA>	28.8333	108.7667	665.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1951-01-01	2024-06-16	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	229810.189390
56294	Chengdu	CN	SC	56294	ZUUU	30.6667	104.0167	508.0	Asia/Chongqing	1956-08-20	2024-06-21	1951-01-01	2022-04-25	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	272951.363503
56196	Mianyang	CN	SC	56196	<NA>	31.4667	104.6833	472.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	NaT	NaT	NaT	NaT	277185.210787
57707	Bijie	CN	GZ	57707	<NA>	27.3000	105.2333	1511.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1951-01-01	2024-06-16	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	282722.969890
56187	Liucheng / Wenjiang	CN	SC	56187	<NA>	30.7500	103.8667	541.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	2004-01-01	2024-06-16	2004-01-01	2022-01-01	289909.384876
57447	Enshi	CN	HU	57447	<NA>	30.2833	109.4667	458.0	Asia/Shanghai	NaT	NaT	1945-03-31	2024-06-16	1945-01-01	2022-01-01	292121.181393
57237	Wanyuan	CN	SC	57237	<NA>	32.0667	108.0333	674.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1952-01-01	2024-06-16	1952-01-01	2022-01-01	312283.824717
57816	Guiyang	CN	GZ	57816	ZUGY	26.5833	106.7167	1074.0	Asia/Chongqing	1945-02-04	2024-06-21	1945-02-04	2024-06-16	1945-01-01	2022-01-01	331724.387656
ZGDY0	Sifangyan / Zhangjiajie / Dayong	CN	HN	<NA>	ZGDY	29.1028	110.4430	211.0	Asia/Shanghai	2007-10-10	2024-06-16	NaT	NaT	NaT	NaT	380665.912370
57745	Zhijiang	CN	HN	57745	<NA>	27.4500	109.6833	273.0	Asia/Shanghai	NaT	NaT	1943-10-01	2024-06-16	1943-01-01	2022-01-01	385777.194866
57127	Hanzhong	CN	SA	57127	<NA>	33.0667	107.0333	509.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1951-01-01	2024-06-16	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	392269.403309
57245	Ankang	CN	SA	57245	<NA>	32.7167	109.0333	291.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	NaT	NaT	NaT	NaT	422762.407542
56182	Songpan	CN	SC	56182	<NA>	32.6500	103.5667	2852.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1951-01-01	2024-06-16	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	445574.268898
56096	Wudu	CN	GS	56096	<NA>	33.4000	104.9167	1079.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1951-01-01	2024-06-16	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	453925.554837
56571	Xichang	CN	<NA>	56571	<NA>	27.9000	102.2667	1599.0	Asia/Chongqing	NaT	NaT	1944-03-30	2024-06-16	1944-01-01	2022-01-01	456842.343806
57461	Yichang	CN	HU	57461	<NA>	30.7000	111.3000	134.0	Asia/Shanghai	NaT	NaT	1951-01-01	2024-06-16	1951-01-01	2022-01-01	473788.054130

通过气象站ID获取天气数据

# 获取最近的气象站的ID
station_id = nearby_stations.index[0]

# 设置时间范围
start = datetime(2021, 1, 1)
end = datetime(2021, 12, 31)

# 获取每日数据
data = Daily(station_id, start, end)
data = data.fetch()
data.head()

	tavg	tmin	tmax	prcp	snow	wdir	wspd	wpgt	pres	tsun
time
2021-01-01	6.3	4.0	10.7	0.0	NaN	341.0	6.9	NaN	1029.0	NaN
2021-01-02	6.6	5.0	10.7	0.0	NaN	5.0	9.8	NaN	1024.6	NaN
2021-01-03	7.1	5.0	10.3	0.0	NaN	238.0	6.6	NaN	1027.8	NaN
2021-01-04	7.1	5.0	10.3	0.0	NaN	21.0	9.2	NaN	1025.6	NaN
2021-01-05	7.8	5.0	10.8	0.0	NaN	325.0	5.1	NaN	1027.5	NaN